Periodontal Disease and Women

Hormonal Changes and Periodontal Health

Throughout a woman’s life, hormonal fluctuations can impact tissues throughout the body, including the gums. Changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, use of oral contraceptives, and menopause may increase the risk of periodontal disease, making special attention to oral care essential.

Puberty

During puberty, elevated sex hormone levels can increase gum sensitivity. This can make the gums more prone to irritation from plaque and food particles, causing swelling, redness, and tenderness.

Menstruation

Some women notice gum symptoms a few days before their period. These may include bleeding gums, bright red swelling between teeth and gums, or sores inside the cheeks. Symptoms usually improve once menstruation begins.

Pregnancy

Gums and teeth can also be affected during pregnancy. Between the second and eighth months, gums may swell, bleed, become red, or feel tender. Large, painless lumps may form in response to local irritants. While these growths are generally not cancerous, they may require professional care and typically disappear after delivery. Maintaining proper periodontal health is an important part of prenatal care, as infections during pregnancy can affect the baby’s health.

Oral Contraceptives

Women taking oral contraceptives may experience swelling, bleeding, or tenderness of the gums due to synthetic hormones. It is important to inform your dentist or physician about all medications you are taking, as some, like antibiotics, can reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Menopause

During menopause or post-menopause, changes in the mouth can occur, including gum pain or burning, salty or peppery tastes, and dry mouth. Maintaining thorough oral hygiene, receiving regular professional cleanings, and using saliva substitutes can help manage these symptoms and protect gum health.